Simple linear regression from sum and sum of squares
Let $(x_i, y_i), i=1,2, \cdots , n$
be $n$ pairs of observations.
The simple linear regression model of $Y$ on $X$ is
$$y_i=\beta_0 + \beta_1x_i +e_i$$ where,
- $y$ is a dependent variable,
- $x$ is an independent variable,
- $\beta_0$ is an intercept,
- $\beta_1$ is the slope,
- $e$ is the error term.
Formula
The simple linear regression model parameters $\beta_0$ and $\beta_1$ can be estimated using the method of least square.
The regression coefficients $\beta_1$ (slope) can be estimated as
$\hat{\beta}_1 = \frac{Cov(x,y)}{V(x)}=\dfrac{s_{xy}}{s_x^2}=r\dfrac{s_y}{s_x}$
The regression coefficients $\beta_0$ (intercept) can be estimated as
$\hat{\beta}_0=\overline{y}-\hat{\beta}_1\overline{x}$
where,
$\overline{x}=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n x_i$
is the sample mean of $X$,$\overline{y}=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n y_i$
is the sample mean of $Y$,$V(x) = s_x^2$
is variance of $X$,$V(y) = s_y^2$
is variance of $Y$,$Cov(x,y) = s_{xy}$
is covariance between $X$ and $Y$,$r=\dfrac{Cov(x,y)}{\sqrt{V(x)V(y)}}$
is the correlation coefficient between $X$ and $Y$,- $n$ is the number of data points.
Related Resources
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