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Data Manipulation and Transformation Tutorials

How to Calculate a Cross Product in R

  • R-PROGRAMMING
To calculate cross product in R, you can use cross() function from pracma library. The cross product is a binary operation on two vectors in three-dimensional space (R^3) and results in another vector that is perpendicular to the plane containing the input vectors. The following method shows how you can do it with syntax. Method: Use cross() Function library(pracma) cross(a,b) The following example shows how to calculate cross product in R.
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How to Calculate the Dot Product in R

  • R-PROGRAMMING
To calculate the dot product in R, you can use three different methods. The dot product is basically multiplication of vectors. The following methods show how you can do it with syntax. Method 1: Use %*% Operator a %*% b Method 2: Use sum() and * operator sum (a * b) Method 3: Use dot() Function from pracma Package library(pracma) dot(a, b) The following examples shows how to use all this methods to calculate dot product in R.
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How to Combine Data Frames Vertically in R

  • R-PROGRAMMING
To combine data frames vertically in R, you can use rbind() function or bind_rows() function from dplyr package in R. The following methods show how you can use it with syntax. Method 1: Use rbind() Function rbind(df1,df2,df3,...) Method 2: Use bind_rows() Function library(dplyr) bind_rows(df1,df2,df3,...) The following example shows how to combine data frames vertically in R. Combine Data Frame Vertically Using rbind() Function in R Let’s see how we can use rbind() function in R:
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How to Convert Character to Date Column in R Data Frame

  • R-PROGRAMMING
To convert character to date column in R, you can use as.Date() function. The following method shows how you can use it with syntax. Method: Use as.Date() Function as.Date(data) Let’s first create data frame which having character to be converted to date. # Create data frame df <- data.frame(Start_date=c("2000-05-21","2000-05-22","2000-05-23","2000-05-24","2000-05-25","2000-05-26"), Machine_name = c("Machine1","Machine2","Machine1","Machine3","Machine2","Machine3"), Value = c(108,120,135,95,98,105),Reading= c(110,97,91,89,80,85)) # Print data frame print(df) Output: Start_date Machine_name Value Reading 1 2000-05-21 Machine1 108 110 2 2000-05-22 Machine2 120 97 3 2000-05-23 Machine1 135 91 4 2000-05-24 Machine3 95 89 5 2000-05-25 Machine2 98 80 6 2000-05-26 Machine3 105 85 The following example shows how to convert character to date column of data frame in R.
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How to Convert Character to Numeric Column in R Data Frame

  • R-PROGRAMMING
To character or string type data into numeric data you can use as.numeric() function in R. The following method shows how you can use it with syntax. Method: Use as.numeric() Function as.numeric(df$column_name) Suppose we have data frame df which having multiple columns in it: # Create data frame df <- data.frame(Start_date=as.Date(c("2000-05-21","2000-05-22","2000-05-23","2000-05-24","2000-05-25","2000-05-26")), Machine_name = c("Machine1","Machine2","Machine1","Machine3","Machine2","Machine3"), Value = c("108","120","135","95","98","105"),Reading= c(110,97,91,89,80,85)) # Print data frame print(df) # print datatype print(str(df)) Output: Start_date Machine_name Value Reading 1 2000-05-21 Machine1 108 110 2 2000-05-22 Machine2 120 97 3 2000-05-23 Machine1 135 91 4 2000-05-24 Machine3 95 89 5 2000-05-25 Machine2 98 80 6 2000-05-26 Machine3 105 85 'data.
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How to Find the Antilog of Values in R

  • R-PROGRAMMING
The antilog of a number is the process of finding the original value from its logarithmic representation. To find the antilog of values in R, you can use base of the logarithm and the exponentiation operator (^). Method 1: Use base 10 log_value <- log10(value) 10^log_value Method 2: Use base e exp(value) The following examples shows how to find antilog of values in R. Calcualte Antilog of a Value Using Base 10 Let’s see how we can use base 10 to find antilog of value:
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How to Use diff Function in R

  • R-PROGRAMMING
The diff() function is used to calculate difference between consecutive elements of numeric list, vector or data frame in R. This function returns vector of differences between consecutive elements. The following method shows how you can do it with syntax. Method: Use diff() Function diff(vector) The following example shows how to use diff() function in R. Use diff() to Find Difference Between Consecutive Elements of Vector Let’s apply diff() function on numeric vector:
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How to Use the assign() Function in R

  • R-PROGRAMMING
The assign() function is used to assign value to variable in R. The following method in R shows how you can do it with syntax. Method: Use assign() Function assign(variable,value) The following examples shows how to use assign() function in R. Use assign() Function to Single Variable Let’s see how we can use assign value to variable using assign() function: # Assign value to variable assign("var1",52) # Show variable print(var1) Output:
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